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[化学論文のための英語講座] 第6回:現在形と過去形 Part2


(English version is here.)

前回に引き続き、現在形と過去形です。今回は、現在形(不変の性質・事実)と過去形(過去の出来事)が混ざった文章についてです。以下に例文を挙げます。

(1) Wittig demonstrated that phosphorus ylides react with carbonyls as a convenient route to alkenes.
ウィッティヒが示した。 (過去の出来事)
リンイリドはカルボニル化合物と反応する。 (不変の性質)

(2) Yoshifuji demonstrated that bulky alkyl groups kinetically stabilize phosphaalkenes.
吉藤が示した。 (過去の出来事)
かさ高いアルキル基がホスファアルケンを安定化する。 (不変の性質)

(3) Fukui hypothesized that frontier orbitals are of fundamental importance in chemical reactions.
福井が仮説を立てた。 (過去の出来事)
フロンティア軌道は重要である。 (不変の事実)

(4) This work revealed that ruthenium catalyst supported on ceria showed high activity.
「この研究はセリア(酸化セリウム(IV))に担持されたルテニウム触媒が高い活性を示した(過去の出来事)ことを明らかにした(過去の出来事)。」
これは文法的には正しいのですが、この触媒が高い活性を持つことを強調したいなら現在形の shows の方が自然です。つまり、出来事を強調したい場合はshowedが良いですが、性質を強調したい場合はshowsが適切です。
...ceria shows high activity.(不変の性質)
...ceria showed high activity.(過去の出来事)

次回はクイズ形式で振り返ってみましょう。時制は続きます。

Present and Preterite

Continuing the previous discussion, this time let us present examples in which the simple present (unchanging characteristics) and the preterit (completed actions) appear together in the same sentence.

(1) Wittig demonstrated that phosphorus ylides react with carbonyls as a convenient route to alkenes.
Wittig demonstrated (action completed in the past)
Phosphorus ylides react (unchanging characteristic)

(2) Yoshifuji demonstrated that bulky alkyl groups kinetically stabilize phosphaalkenes.
Yoshifuji demonstrated (action completed in the past)
Bulky alkyl groups stabilize (unchanging characteristic)

(3) Fukui hypothesized that frontier orbitals are of fundamental importance in chemical reactions.
Fukui hypothesized (action completed in the past)
Frontier orbitals are (unchanging characteristic)

(4) This work revealed that ruthenium catalyst supported on ceria showed high activity.
This work revealed (action completed in the past)
Catalyst supported on ceria showed (action completed in the past)
This sentence is grammatically correct, however, if the author wishes to emphasize that the catalyst is highly active, use of the present tense is natural. That is to say, shows high activity emphasizes the unchanging characteristic, whereas showed high activity emphasizes the action completed in the past.

Tenses will continue. Next time, let's look back on what we have covered with a quiz.