[化学論文のための英語講座] 第41回：Pop Quiz 5 動名詞1

(English version is here.)

以下の文章で括弧から適当なものをすべて選んで下さい。

1. Neutralization was followed by (stirred/stirring/being stirred) for one hour.
訳文：中和後、1時間攪拌した。

2. After (annealing/being annealed/annealed), impedance was measured.
訳文：アニーリング後、インピーダンスを測定した。

3. This resulted from (being exposed/exposing/exposed) to moisture in the ambient atmosphere.
訳文：大気中の水分にさらされたことで、この結果になった。

[解説]
「verb + -ing」「being + verb + -ed」のどちらも正しいです。これらは動名詞の役割を果たします。前者は動作そのものですが、後者は動詞の目的語が強調されます。どちらでも正しいですが、「verb + -ing」の方が簡潔です。動詞は誤りです。

[答]
1. stirringとbeing stirred
2. annealingとbeing annealed
3. being exposedとexposing

[チャレンジ問題]
以下の文章には誤りがあります。どこでしょう。

The mixture was stirred for 0.5 h and added to 20 mL of 4.5 M KI aqueous solution at 0 °C. After stirred at 0 °C for 3 h, the reaction was stopped by adding NaHSO₃. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate.

解説：前置詞後に「Verb + -ed」を使う誤りのある論文がよく投稿されます。例えば、Experimental に「after quenched」「after washed」「after dried」などがよく見られます。前置詞の後には動詞がきませんので、今回は動名詞を使います。
答：「After stirred」が誤りで、「After stirring」が正しいです。

[補足] 「follow」には意味が複数あり、論文によく現れます。慣用的ですので、暗記してしまいましょう。

The reaction was followed by GC-MS.
訳文：反応をGC-MSで追跡した。
follow =追跡する

The reaction was quenched with water followed by saturated sodium bicarbonate (aq).
訳文：反応を、水に続いて飽和重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液でクエンチした。
followed by = 続いて〜する

次回はCompriseの使い方についてです。

Pop Quiz 7 Gerunds 1

In the following sentences, choose all that apply from the parentheses.

1. Neutralization was followed by (stirred/stirring/being stirred) for one hour.

2. After (annealing/being annealed/annealed), impedance was measured.

3. This resulted from (being exposed/exposing/exposed) to moisture in the ambient atmosphere.

Explanation:
Both verb + -ing and being + verb + -ed are correct. These are gerunds, that is, verbs functioning as a noun. The former is the action itself, whereas the latter emphasizes the object of the verb. Either is correct, however verb + ing is more concise. Using a simple verb is incorrect.

Answers:
1. Stirring and being stirred
2. Annealing and being annealed
3. Being exposed and exposing

Challenge Question:
There is a mistake in the following passage. What is it?

The mixture was stirred for 0.5 h and added to 20 mL of 4.5 M KI aqueous solution at 0 °C. After stirred at 0 °C for 3h, the reaction was stopped by adding NaHSO₃. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate.

Explanation: Manuscripts in which verb + -ed is improperly used after a preposition are frequently submitted. For example, after quenched, after washed, after dried and so on are frequently seen. Prepositions are not followed by verbs, and here gerunds are used.
Answer: After stirred is a mistake; after stirring is correct.

Supplement: Follow has several meanings, and it frequently appears in manuscripts. Use is idiomatic, so a few examples should be committed to memory.

The reaction was followed by GC-MS.
Explanation: Here, follow means pursue.

The reaction was quenched with water followed by saturated sodium bicarbonate (aq).
Explanation: Here, followed by means after which.

At next time, we will discuss about Use of Comprise.